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Peace talks are fundamental to ending armed conflict. But they’re rarely easy, and even when they do succeed, they don’t always last. Peace actors can reduce the risk of failure by recognising that negotiations are complex. They can also build a strong base of support for the peace process. They can help create a culture of respect for compromise among the parties and build mutual trust. They can promote gender-responsive negotiations and systematically invest in track 2 negotiations, which address issues like underlying grievances, historical marginalisation, economic injustices and corruption.

The first factor is the willingness of the warring sides to agree to talks. Leaders weigh the strategic costs of engagement with their enemies, and are reluctant to start negotiations unless they think they can gain more from doing so than continuing to fight. Leaders also consider how their own constituents might view their decision to engage in peace talks. If they believe that the enemy and their own populations will see their peace talks as a sign of weakness, they will continue to fight.

The second factor is how the peace talks are structured. Do they focus on procedural and structural issues, or on the root causes of the conflict? The latter are not always easy to tackle, but addressing them can make peace processes more successful. A third factor is the extent to which they avert zero-sum games. Zero-sum games mean that either the other side will win or lose, and thus are unlikely to lead to sustainable peace. In contrast, bargaining over core interests, such as security or economic benefits, makes it more likely that the outcome will be durable and long-term.

When you think of news update, you probably envision black-and-white journalism in a major newspaper or the nightly recap on a news show. However, news updates can also come from businesses and can be a great way to keep employees informed about the company’s activities. Creating news updates for your business can be an effective team-building exercise and also help to improve morale.

A good news update begins with an interesting lead, preferably a dramatic anecdote or surprising fact that will grab readers’ attention. Then, it should quickly introduce the topic and answer the questions of who, what, when and where. This is known as the “nut graph.” The nut graph is the most important part of the story because it answers all of the reader’s key questions.

After the nut graph, the rest of the article should provide more in-depth information about the topic. This includes details that explain the significance of the news, as well as any sensory descriptions, background or expert opinions. It is often a good idea to include quotes in your news update, especially when it comes from a person involved in the event or someone with direct knowledge of it.

When you include a quote, make sure to put it in quotation marks and identify the person by name (using their full first name or initials), age, occupation and location. It is also a good idea to double-check your facts. This can be done by comparing against public records or data from official sources, such as government agencies.

A summit meeting is a gathering of industry experts and leaders to discuss big issues, brainstorm solutions, and inspire action. They’re often held on a high-level, with a specific topic in mind (such as innovation, sustainability, or global health). Summits aren’t only reserved for political leaders — organizations within all industries host their own events to bring together like-minded people and foster collaboration.

The goal of a summit is to provide participants with knowledge and tools they can use in their day-to-day work, whether it’s through expert-led talks or hands-on workshops. They should also leave with a renewed sense of confidence and motivation to tackle difficult challenges in the future.

Whether in-person or virtual, the most successful summits are those that create an experience that goes beyond simply sharing content. Attendees crave in-depth discussions that get to the core of complex problems and reveal new pathways forward. That’s why it’s important to include ample networking time and cozy spaces for conversations — you never know where the next great idea will spark.

A summit meeting can take many different forms, from keynotes to panel discussions and breakout sessions. Whichever format you choose, it’s important to consider your audience and their goals before planning out the event details. Summits can be a powerful way to rally members around a common cause and create connections that last long after the event has ended. To make the most of your event, be sure to follow up with a call to action that encourages attendees to take further action — whether it’s signing up for a mailing list, attending a future summit, or scheduling a demo.